The Story of Patriarchs and Prophets
by Ellen G. White
Chapter 65: The Magnanimity of David
After Saul's atrocious slaughter of the priests of the Lord,
"one of the sons of Ahimelech the son of Ahitub, named
Abiathar, escaped, and fled after David. And Abiathar showed
David that Saul had slain the Lord's priests. And David said unto
Abiathar, I knew it that day, when Doeg the Edomite was there,
that he would surely tell Saul: I have occasioned the death of all
the persons of thy father's house. Abide thou with me, fear not:
for he that seeketh my life seeketh thy life: but with me thou
shalt be in safeguard."
Still hunted by the king, David found no place of rest or
security. At Keilah his brave band saved the town from capture
by the Philistines, but they were not safe, even among the people
whom they had delivered. From Keilah they repaired to the
wilderness of Ziph.
At this time, when there were so few bright spots in the path
of David, he was rejoiced to receive an unexpected visit from
Jonathan, who had learned the place of his refuge. Precious were
the moments which these two friends passed in each other's
society. They related their varied experiences, and Jonathan
strengthened the heart of David, saying, "Fear not: for the hand
of Saul my father shall not find thee; and thou shalt be king
over Israel, and I shall be next unto thee; and that also Saul
my father knoweth." As they talked of the wonderful dealings
of God with David, the hunted fugitive was greatly encouraged.
"And they two made a covenant before the Lord: and David
abode in the wood, and Jonathan went to his house."
After the visit of Jonathan, David encouraged his soul with
songs of praise, accompanying his voice with his harp as he sang: [p. 661]
"In the Lord put I my trust:
How say ye to my soul,
Flee as a bird to your mountain?
For, lo, the wicked bend their bow,
They make ready their arrow upon the string,
That they may privily shoot at the upright in heart.
If the foundations be destroyed,
What can the righteous do?
The Lord is in His holy temple,
The Lord's throne is in heaven:
His eyes behold, His eyelids try, the children of men.
The Lord trieth the righteous:
But the wicked and him that loveth violence His soul
hateth." Psalm 11:1-5.
The Ziphites, into whose wild regions David went from
Keilah, sent word to Saul in Gibeah that they knew where David
was hiding, and that they would guide the king to his retreat.
But David, warned of their intentions, changed his position, seeking
refuge in the mountains between Maon and the Dead Sea.
Again word was sent to Saul, "Behold, David is in the wilderness
of Engedi. Then Saul took three thousand chosen men out
of all Israel, and went to seek David and his men upon the rocks
of the wild goats." David had only six hundred men in his company,
while Saul advanced against him with an army of three
thousand. In a secluded cave the son of Jesse and his men waited
for the guidance of God as to what should be done. As Saul
was pressing his way up the mountains, he turned aside, and
entered, alone, the very cavern in which David and his band
were hidden. When David's men saw this they urged their leader
to kill Saul. The fact that the king was now in their power was
interpreted by them as certain evidence that God Himself had
delivered the enemy into their hand, that they might destroy
him. David was tempted to take this view of the matter; but the
voice of conscience spoke to him, saying, "Touch not the anointed
of the Lord."
David's men were still unwilling to leave Saul in peace, and
they reminded their commander of the words of God, "Behold,
I will deliver thine enemy into thine hand, that thou mayest do
to him as it shall seem good unto thee. Then David arose, and
cut off the skirt of Saul's robe privily." But his conscience smote
him afterward, because he had even marred the garment of the
king. [p. 662]
Saul rose up the went out of the cave to continue his search,
when a voice fell upon his startled ears, saying, "My lord the
king." He turned to see who was addressing him, and lo! it was
the son of Jesse, the man whom he had so long desired to have in
his power that he might kill him. David bowed himself to the
king, acknowledging him as his master. Then he addressed Saul
in these words: "Wherefore hearest thou men's words, saying,
Behold, David seeketh thy hurt? Behold, this day thine eyes have
seen how that the Lord hath delivered thee today into mine
hand in the cave: and some bade me kill thee; but mine eye
spared thee; and I said, I will not put forth mine hand against
my lord; for he is the Lord's anointed. Moreover, my father, see,
yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand: for in that I cut off
the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know thou and see that
there is neither evil nor transgression in mine hand, and I have
not sinned against thee; yet thou huntest my soul to take it."
When Saul heard the words of David he was humbled, and
could not but admit their truthfulness. His feelings were deeply
moved as he realized how completely he had been in the power
of the man whose life he sought. David stood before him in conscious
innocence. With a softened spirit, Saul exclaimed, "Is this
thy voice, my son David? And Saul lifted up his voice, and
wept." Then he declared to David: "Thou art more righteous
than I: for thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded
thee evil. . . .For if a man find his enemy, will he let him go
well away? wherefore the Lord reward thee good for that thou
hast done unto me this day. And now, behold, I know well that
thou shalt surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall
be established in thine hand." And David made a covenant with
Saul that when this should take place he would favorably regard
the house of Saul, and not cut off his name.
Knowing what he did of Saul's past course, David could put
no confidence in the assurances of the king, nor hope that his
penitent condition would long continue. So when Saul returned
to his home David remained in the strongholds of the mountains.
The enmity that is cherished toward the servants of God by
those who have yielded to the power of Satan changes at times
to a feeling of reconciliation and favor, but the change does not
always prove to be lasting. After evil-minded men have engaged
in doing and saying wicked things against the Lord's servants, [p. 663] the conviction that they have been in the wrong sometimes takes
deep hold upon their minds. The Spirit of the Lord strives with
them, and they humble their hearts before God, and before those
whose influence they have sought to destroy, and they may change
their course toward them. But as they again open the door to the
suggestions of the evil one, the old doubts are revived, the old
enmity is awakened, and they return to engage in the same work
which they repented of, and for a time abandoned. Again they
speak evil, accusing and condemning in the bitterest manner
the very ones to whom they made most humble confession. Satan
can use such souls with far greater power after such a course has
been pursued than he could before, because they have sinned
against greater light.
"And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered
together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at
Ramah." The death of Samuel was regarded as an irreparable
loss by the nation of Israel. A great and good prophet and an
eminent judge had fallen in death, and the grief of the people
was deep and heartfelt. From his youth up Samuel had walked
before Israel in the integrity of his heart; although Saul had
been the acknowledged king, Samuel had wielded a more powerful
influence than he, because his record was one of faithfulness,
obedience, and devotion. We read that he judged Israel all the
days of his life.
As the people contrasted the course of Saul with that of Samuel,
they saw what a mistake they had made in desiring a king
that they might not be different from the nations around them.
Many looked with alarm at the condition of society, fast becoming
leavened with irreligion and godlessness. The example of
their ruler was exerting a widespread influence, and well might
Israel mourn that Samuel, the prophet of the Lord, was dead.
The nation had lost the founder and president of its sacred
schools, but that was not all. It had lost him to whom the people
had been accustomed to go with their great troubles—lost
one who had constantly interceded with God in behalf of the
best interests of its people. The intercession of Samuel had given
a feeling of security; for "the effectual fervent prayer of a righteous
man availeth much." James 5:16. The people felt now that
God was forsaking them. The king seemed little less than a madman.
Justice was perverted, and order was turned to confusion. [p. 664]
It was when the nation was racked with internal strife, when
the calm, God-fearing counsel of Samuel seemed to be most
needed, that God gave His aged servant rest. Bitter were the
reflections of the people as they looked upon his quiet resting
place, and remembered their folly in rejecting him as their ruler;
for he had had so close a connection with Heaven that he seemed
to bind all Israel to the throne of Jehovah. It was Samuel who
had taught them to love and obey God; but now that he was
dead, the people felt that they were left to the mercies of a king
who was joined to Satan, and who would divorce the people
from God and heaven.
David could not be present at the burial of Samuel, but he
mourned for him as deeply and tenderly as a faithful son could
mourn for a devoted father. He knew that Samuel's death had
broken another bond of restraint from the actions of Saul, and he
felt less secure than when the prophet lived. While the attention
of Saul was engaged in mourning for the death of Samuel, David
took the opportunity to seek a place of greater security; so he fled
to the wilderness of Paran. It was here that he composed the one
hundred and twentieth and twenty-first psalms. In these desolate
wilds, realizing that the prophet was dead, and the king was his
enemy, he sang:
"My help cometh from the Lord,
Which made heaven and earth.
He will not suffer thy foot to be moved:
He that keepeth thee will not slumber.
Behold, He that keepeth Israel
Shall neither slumber nor sleep. . . .
The Lord shall preserve thee from all evil:
He shall preserve thy soul.
The Lord shall preserve thy going out and thy
coming in
From this time forth, and even forevermore." |
| Psalm 121:2-8. |
While David and his men were in the wilderness of Paran, they
protected from the depredations of marauders the flocks and herds
of a wealthy man named Nabal, who had vast possessions in that
region. Nabal was a descendant of Caleb, but his character was
churlish and niggardly.
It was the time of sheepshearing, a season of hospitality. David
and his men were in sore need of provisions; and in accordance
with the custom of the times, the son of Jesse sent ten young [p. 665] men to Nabal, bidding them greet him in their master's name;
and he added: "Thus shall ye say to him that liveth in
prosperity, Peace be both to thee, and peace be to thine house, and
peace be unto all that thou hast. And now I have heard that
thou hast shearers: now thy shepherds which were with us, we
hurt them not, neither was there aught missing unto them, all
the while they were in Carmel. [* Not Mount Carmel, but a place in
the territory of Judah, near the hill town of Maon.] Ask thy young men,
and they will show thee. Wherefore let the young men find favor
in thine eyes; for we come in a good day: give, I pray thee,
whatsoever cometh to thine hand unto thy servants, and to thy
son David."
David and his men had been like a wall of protection to
the shepherds and flocks of Nabal; and now this rich man was
asked to furnish from his abundance some relief to the necessities
of those who had done him such valuable service. David
and his men might have helped themselves from the flocks and
herds, but they did not. They behaved themselves in an honest
way. Their kindness, however, was lost upon Nabal. The answer
he returned to David was indicative of his character: "Who is
David? and who is the son of Jesse? There be many servants
nowadays that break away every man from his master. Shall I
then take my bread, any my water, and my flesh that I have
killed for my shearers, and give it unto men, whom I know not
whence they be?"
When the young men returned empty-handed and related the
affair to David, he was filled with indignation. He commanded
his men to equip themselves for an encounter; for he had determined
to punish the man who had denied him what was his
right, and had added insult to injury. This impulsive movement
was more in harmony with the character of Saul than with that
of David, but the son of Jesse had yet to learn of patience
in the school of affliction.
One of Nabal's servants hastened to Abigail, the wife of
Nabal, after he had dismissed David's young men, and told her
what had happened. "Behold," he said, "David sent messengers
out of the wilderness to salute our master; and he railed on
them. But the men were very good unto us, and we were not
hurt, neither missed we anything, as long as we were conversant
with them, when we were in the fields. They were a wall unto [p. 666] us both by night and day, all the while we were with them
keeping the sheep. Now therefore know and consider what thou
wilt do; for evil is determined against our master, and against all
his household."
Without consulting her husband or telling him of her intention,
Abigail made up an ample supply of provisions, which,
laded upon asses, she sent forward in the charge of servants, and
herself started out to meet the band of David. She met them
in a covert of a hill. "And when Abigail saw David, she hasted,
and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and
bowed herself to the ground, and fell at his feet, and said, Upon
me, my lord, upon me let this iniquity be: and let thine
handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine audience." Abigail addressed
David with as much reverence as though speaking to a crowned
monarch. Nabal had scornfully exclaimed, "Who is David?" but
Abigail called him, "my lord." With kind words she sought to
sooth his irritated feelings, and she pleaded with him in behalf
of her husband. With nothing of ostentation or pride, but full
of the wisdom and love of God, Abigail revealed the strength of
her devotion to her household; and she made it plain to David
that the unkind course of her husband was in no wise premeditated
against him as a personal affront, but was simply the
outburst of an unhappy and selfish nature.
"Now therefore, my lord, as the Lord liveth, and as thy soul
liveth, seeing the Lord hath withholden thee from coming to
shed blood, and from avenging thyself with thine own hand,
now let thine enemies, and they that seek evil to my lord, be as
Nabal." Abigail did not take to herself the credit of this
reasoning to turn David from his hasty purpose, but gave to God the
honor and the praise. She then offered her rich provision as a
peace offering to the men of David, and still pleaded as if she
herself were the one who had so excited the resentment of the
chief.
"I pray thee," she said, "forgive the trespass of thine
handmaid: for the Lord will certainly make my lord a sure house;
because my lord fighteth the battles of the Lord, and evil hath
not been found in thee all thy days." Abigail presented by
implication the course that David ought to pursue. He should fight
the battles of the Lord. He was not to seek revenge for personal
wrongs, even though persecuted as a traitor. She continued:
"Though man be risen up to pursue thee, and to seek thy soul, [p. 667] yet the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life
with the Lord thy God. . . . And it shall come to pass, when the
Lord shall have done to my lord according to all the good that
He hath spoken concerning thee, and shall have appointed thee
prince over Israel; that this shall be no grief unto thee, nor offense
of heart unto my lord, either that thou hast shed blood causeless,
or that my lord hath avenged himself: and when the Lord shall
have dealt well with my lord, then remember thine handmaid."
1 Samuel 25:29:31, R. V.
These words could have come only from the lips of one who
had partaken of the wisdom from above. The piety of Abigail,
like the fragrance of a flower, breathed out all unconsciously
in face and word and action. The Spirit of the Son of God
was abiding in her soul. Her speech, seasoned with grace, and
full of kindness and peace, shed a heavenly influence. Better
impulses came to David, and he trembled as he thought what
might have been the consequences of his rash purpose. "Blessed
are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of
God." Matthew 5:9. Would that there were many more like this
woman of Israel, who would soothe the irritated feelings,
prevent rash impulses, and quell great evils by words of calm and
well-directed wisdom.
A consecrated Christian life is ever shedding light and
comfort and peace. It is characterized by purity, tact, simplicity, and
usefulness. It is controlled by that unselfish love that sanctifies
the influence. It is full of Christ, and leaves a track of light
wherever its possessor may go. Abigail was a wise reprover and
counselor. David's passion died away under the power of her influence
and reasoning. He was convinced that he had taken an unwise
course and had lost control of his own spirit.
With a humble heart he received the rebuke, in harmony
with his own words, "Let the righteous smite me; it shall be a
kindness: and let him reprove me; it shall be an excellent oil."
Psalm 141:5. He gave thanks and blessings because she advised
him righteously. There are many who, when they are reproved,
think it praiseworthy if they receive the rebuke without
becoming impatient; but how few take reproof with gratitude of heart
and bless those who seek to save them from pursuing an evil
course.
When Abigail returned home she found Nabal and his guests
in the enjoyment of a great feast, which they had converted into [p. 668] a scene of drunken revelry. Not until the next morning did she
relate to her husband what had occurred in her interview with
David. Nabal was a coward at heart; and when he realized
how near his folly had brought him to a sudden death, he
seemed smitten with paralysis. Fearful that David would still
pursue his purpose of revenge, he was filled with horror, and
sank down in a condition of helpless insensibility. After ten days
he died. The life that God had given him had been only a curse
to the world. In the midst of his rejoicing and making merry,
God had said to him, as He said to the rich man of the parable,
"This night thy soul shall be required of thee." Luke 12:20.
David afterward married Abigail. He was already the
husband of one wife, but the custom of the nations of his time had
perverted his judgment and influenced his actions. Even great
and good men have erred in following the practices of the world.
The bitter result of marrying many wives was sorely felt throughout
all the life of David.
After the death of Samuel, David was left in peace for a few
months. Again he repaired to the solitude of the Ziphites; but
these enemies, hoping to secure the favor of the king, informed
him of David's hiding place. This intelligence aroused the
demon of passion that had been slumbering in Saul's breast. Once
more he summoned his men of arms and led them out in pursuit
of David. But friendly spies brought tidings to the son of Jesse
that Saul was again pursuing him; and with a few of his men,
David started out to learn the location of his enemy. It was
night when, cautiously advancing, they came upon the encampment,
and saw before them the tents of the king and his attendants.
They were unobserved, for the camp was quiet in slumber.
David called upon his friends to go with him into the very midst
of the foe. In answer to his question, "Who will go down with me
to Saul to the camp?" Abishai promptly responded, "I will go
down with thee."
Hidden by the deep shadows of the hills, David and his
attendant entered the encampment of the enemy. As they sought
to ascertain the exact number of their foes, they came upon
Saul sleeping, his spear stuck in the ground, and a cruse of water
at his head. Beside him lay Abner, his chief commander, and
all around them were the soldiers, locked in slumber. Abishai
raised his spear, and said to David, "God hath delivered thine
enemy into thine hand this day: now therefore let me smite [p. 671] him, I pray thee, with the spear even to the earth at once, and
I will not smite him the second time." He waited for the word of
permission; but there fell upon his ear the whispered words:
"Destroy him not: for who can stretch forth his hand against the
Lord's anointed, and be guiltless? . . . As the Lord liveth, the
Lord shall smite him; or his day shall come to die; or he shall
descend into battle, and perish. The Lord forbid that I should
stretch forth mine hand against the Lord's anointed: but, I pray
thee, take thou now the spear that is at his bolster, and the cruse
of water, and let us go. So David took the spear and the cruse of
water from Saul's bolster; and they gat them away, and no
man saw it, nor knew it, neither awaked: for they were all
asleep; because a deep sleep from the Lord was fallen upon
them." How easily the Lord can weaken the strongest, remove
prudence from the wisest, and baffle the skill of the most
watchful!
When David was at a safe distance from the camp he stood
on the top of a hill and cried with a loud voice to the people and
to Abner, saying, "Art not thou a valiant man? and who is like
to thee in Israel? wherefore then hast thou not kept thy lord the
king? for there came one of the people in to destroy the king thy
lord. This thing is not good that thou hast done. As the Lord
liveth, ye are worthy to die, because ye have not kept your
master the Lord's anointed. And now see where the king's spear is,
and the cruse of water that was at his bolster. And Saul knew
David's voice, and said, Is this thy voice, my son David? And
David said, It is my voice, my lord, O king. And he said,
Wherefore doth my lord thus pursue after his servant? for what have I
done? or what evil is in mine hand? Now therefore, I pray thee,
let my lord the king hear the words of his servant." Again the
acknowledgment fell from the lips of the king, "I have sinned:
return, my son David; for I will no more do thee harm,
because my soul was precious in thine eyes this day: behold, I have
played the fool, and have erred exceedingly. And David
answered and said, Behold the king's spear! and let one of the
young men come over and fetch it." Although Saul had made
the promise, "I will no more do thee harm," David did not place
himself in his power.
The second instance of David's respect for his sovereign's
life made a still deeper impression upon the mind of Saul and
brought from him a more humble acknowledgment of his fault. [p. 672] He was astonished and subdued at the manifestation of such
kindness. In parting from David, Saul exclaimed, "Blessed be
thou, my son David: thou shalt both do great things, and also
shalt still prevail." But the son of Jesse had no hope that the
king would long continue in this frame of mind.
David despaired of a reconciliation with Saul. It seemed
inevitable that he should at last fall a victim to the malice of the king,
and he determined again to seek refuge in the land of the Philistines.
With the six hundred men under his command, he passed
over to Achish, the king of Gath.
David's conclusion that Saul would certainly accomplish his
murderous purpose was formed without the counsel of God.
Even while Saul was plotting and seeking to accomplish his
destruction, the Lord was working to secure David the kingdom.
God works out His plans, though to human eyes they are veiled
in mystery. Men cannot understand the ways of God; and, looking
at appearances, they interpret the trials and tests and provings
that God permits to come upon them as things that are against
them, and that will only work their ruin. Thus David looked
on appearances, and not at the promises of God. He doubted
that he would ever come to the throne. Long trials had wearied
his faith and exhausted his patience.
The Lord did not send David for protection to the Philistines,
the most bitter foes of Israel. This very nation would be among
his worst enemies to the last, and yet he had fled to them for help
in his time of need. Having lost all confidence in Saul and in
those who served him, he threw himself upon the mercies of the
enemies of his people. David was a brave general, and had
proved himself a wise and successful warrior; but he was working
directly against his own interests when he went to the Philistines.
God had appointed him to set up his standard in the land of
Judah, and it was want of faith that led him to forsake his post
of duty without a command from the Lord.
God was dishonored by David's unbelief. The Philistines had
feared David more than they had feared Saul and his armies; and
by placing himself under the protection of the Philistines, David
discovered to them the weakness of his own people. Thus he
encouraged these relentless foes to oppress Israel. David had
been anointed to stand in defense of the people of God; and
the Lord would not have His servants give encouragement to [p. 673] the wicked by disclosing the weakness of His people or by an
appearance of indifference to their welfare. Furthermore, the
impression was received by his brethren that he had gone to the
heathen to serve their gods. By this act he gave occasion for
misconstruing his motives, and many were led to hold prejudice
against him. The very thing that Satan desired to have him do
he was led to do; for, in seeking refuge among the Philistines,
David caused great exultation to the enemies of God and His
people. David did not renounce his worship of God nor cease
his devotion to His cause; but he sacrificed his trust in Him to
his personal safety, and thus tarnished the upright and faithful
character that God requires His servants to possess.
David was cordially received by the king of the Philistines.
The warmth of this reception was partly due to the fact that the
king admired him and partly to the fact that it was flattering to
his vanity to have a Hebrew seek his protection. David felt
secure from betrayal in the dominions of Achish. He brought his
family, his household, and his possessions, as did also his men;
and to all appearance he had come to settle permanently in the
land of Philistia. All this was gratifying to Achish, who promised
to protect the fugitive Israelites.
At David's request for a residence in the country, removed
from the royal city, the king graciously granted Ziklag as a
possession. David realized that it would be dangerous for himself and
his men to be under the influence of idolaters. In a town wholly
separated for their use they might worship God with more
freedom than they could if they remained in Gath, where the heathen
rites could not but prove a source of evil and annoyance.
While dwelling in this isolated town David made war upon
the Geshurites, the Gezrites, and the Amalekites, and he left
none alive to bring tidings to Gath. When he returned from
battle he gave Achish to understand that he had been warring
against those of his own nation, the men of Judah. By this
dissembling he was the means of strengthening the hand of the
Philistines; for the king said, "He hath made his people Israel
utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant forever."
David knew that it was the will of God that those heathen tribes
should be destroyed, and he knew that he was appointed to do
this work; but he was not walking in the counsel of God when
he practiced deception. [p. 674]
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"And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines
gathered their armies together for warfare, to fight with Israel. And
Achish said unto David, Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt
go out with me to battle, thou and thy men." David had no
intention of lifting his hand against his people; but he was not
certain as to what course he would pursue, until circumstances
should indicate his duty. He answered the king evasively, and
said, "Surely thou shalt know what thy servant can do." Achish
understood these words as a promise of assistance in the
approaching war, and pledged his word to bestow upon David
great honor, and give him a high position at the Philistine court.
But although David's faith had staggered somewhat at the
promises of God, he still remembered that Samuel had anointed
him king of Israel. He recalled the victories that God had given
him over his enemies in the past. He reviewed the great mercy
of God in preserving him from the hand of Saul, and determined
not to betray a sacred trust. Even though the king of Israel had
sought his life, he would not join his forces with the enemies of
his people.
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"The Death of Saul"
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